玩具里的“被看见”:美泰推出“自闭症款”芭比娃娃

长期以来,芭比娃娃常被视为某种“标准形象”的代表,但随着社会观念的变化,玩具也开始承载更多关于差异与包容的讨论。近年来,从外貌到身体状况,各种更贴近真实生活的形象逐渐出现在玩具市场中,引发了不少关注。那么,当一款以自闭症特征为设计出发点的芭比问世时,它想回应哪些现实需求?这样的改变又可能对儿童和社会产生怎样的影响?我们马上和大仔一起走进今天的文章。

讲解人 · 大仔

爱丁堡大学英语教学硕士 资深英语课程设计师

原文


        
** Mattel launched its first autistic Barbie **
Last week, Mattel launched its first autistic Barbie.

Coming barely six months after its first doll with type 1 diabetes, this newest addition to Barbie’s Fashionistas range is designed so that more children “see themselves in Barbie”.

Autism is a form of neurodivergence that influences how people experience and interact with society.

While characteristics of autism vary according to the individual, more than one child in a hundred is believed to be autistic, according to the World Health Organization.

The doll’s eyes gaze slightly to one side, reflecting how some autistic people avoid direct eye contact.

She has fully bendable elbows and wrists, enabling repetitive physical movements such as stimming and hand-flapping that help some people with autism to process sensory information or express excitement.

She has a (pink, of course) fidget spinner on her finger that helps reduce stress, wears (pink) noise-cancelling headphones to reduce sensory overload and carries a (yes, you’ve guessed it, pink) tablet with symbol-based augmentative and alternative communication buttons on its screen to help her cope with everyday communication.

While the first Barbies date to 1959, until 2019 there were no dolls with disabilities.

Now there are blind dolls, as well as Barbies in wheelchairs, with Down syndrome, prosthetic limbs, vitiligo and hearing aids.

There is also a Ken doll with a prosthetic leg, another who uses a wheelchair with a ramp, and one with hearing aids.

Announcing the autistic Barbie, Jamie Cygielman, the global head of dolls at Mattel, said it was the latest expansion of the company’s commitment to representation and inclusion.

Barbie is not the only brand to make autistic dolls.

Lottie sells dolls with autism, while Lego sells a variety of minifigures with non-visible disabilities.

带着问题听讲解

  • 如何理解 fashionista 这个词?
  • 根据文章,这款自闭症芭比如何体现对自闭症特征的关注?
  • 根据文章,美泰推出这款芭比想要体现什么?

讲解


        
** 玩具里的“被看见”:美泰推出“自闭症款”芭比娃娃 **
Last week, Mattel launched its first autistic Barbie. Coming barely six months after its first doll with type 1 diabetes, this newest addition to Barbie's Fashionistas range is designed so that more children "see themselves in Barbie".
上周,美泰公司推出了其首款自闭症芭比娃娃。这是继六个月前推出首款 1 型糖尿病芭比娃娃后,该公司在“芭比时尚达人”系列中增添的最新成员。这款娃娃的设计初衷是为了让更多儿童 “在芭比身上看到自己的影子”。
Autism is a form of neurodivergence that influences how people experience and interact with society. While characteristics of autism vary according to the individual, more than one child in a hundred is believed to be autistic, according to the World Health Organization.
自闭症是一种神经多样性的表现形式,它会影响人们体验世界和与社会互动的方式。尽管自闭症的特征因人而异,但据世界卫生组织统计,每 100 名儿童中就有超过 1 人被认为患有自闭症。
The doll's eyes gaze slightly to one side, reflecting how some autistic people avoid direct eye contact. She has fully bendable elbows and wrists, enabling repetitive physical movements such as stimming and hand-flapping that help some people with autism to process sensory information or express excitement.
这款娃娃的双眼视线略微偏向一侧,反映了部分自闭症患者回避目光接触的特点。她的肘部和手腕可完全弯曲,能够做出重复的肢体动作(如自我刺激行为和拍手),这些动作有助于部分自闭症患者处理感官信息或表达兴奋。
She has a (pink, of course) fidget spinner on her finger that helps reduce stress, wears (pink) noise-cancelling headphones to reduce sensory overload and carries a (yes, you've guessed it, pink) tablet with symbol-based augmentative and alternative communication buttons on its screen to help her cope with everyday communication.
她的手指上戴着一个(当然是粉色的)指尖陀螺,以帮助缓解压力;戴着(粉色的)降噪耳机,以减少感官过载;还随身携带一台(没错,也是粉色的)平板电脑,屏幕上配有基于符号的辅助增强沟通按钮,帮助她应对日常交流。
While the first Barbies date to 1959, until 2019 there were no dolls with disabilities. Now there are blind dolls, as well as Barbies in wheelchairs, with Down syndrome, prosthetic limbs, vitiligo and hearing aids. There is also a Ken doll with a prosthetic leg, another who uses a wheelchair with a ramp, and one with hearing aids.
虽然芭比娃娃早在 1959 年就已问世,但直到 2019 年之前,美泰从未推出过残障芭比。如今,该系列已有盲人芭比、坐轮椅的芭比、唐氏综合征芭比、假肢芭比、白癜风芭比以及佩戴助听器的芭比。肯娃娃(Ken)系列中也出现了腿部假肢款、坐轮椅并配有坡道款以及佩戴助听器款。
Announcing the autistic Barbie, Jamie Cygielman, the global head of dolls at Mattel, said it was the latest expansion of the company's commitment to representation and inclusion.
美泰全球娃娃事业部负责人杰米·西吉尔曼在发布这款自闭症芭比时表示,这是公司致力于“代表性与包容性”的最新体现。
Barbie is not the only brand to make autistic dolls. Lottie sells dolls with autism, while Lego sells a variety of minifigures with non-visible disabilities.
芭比并非唯一推出自闭症娃娃的品牌。洛蒂娃娃也有推出自闭症娃娃,而乐高则推出了多款患有非显性残疾的小人仔。

重点词汇

autistic

/ɑːˈtɪs.tɪk/

adj. 自闭症的

  • 相关词汇:autism

fashionista

/fæʃ.ənˈiː.stə/

n. 赶时髦的人,时尚界人士

  • 相关词汇:fashion
    词根词缀:-ista(从事特定活动的人)

neurodivergence
n. 神经学上的多样性表现

  • 词根词缀:neuro(神经的)
    相关词汇:neuroscience(n. 神经系统科学)
    相关词汇:divergence(n. 差异,不同;观点或利益的分歧)
    • 搭配短语:the divergence between the incomes of the rich and the poor
    • 搭配短语:a divergence of attitude
    英文释义:a type of brain that is often considered as different from what is usual, for example that of someone who has autism

gaze

/ɡeɪz/

v. 注视,凝视

  • 词性拓展:gaze(n. 注视)
    • 搭配短语:an admiring gaze
    • 例句:As I looked out, my gaze fell on the fallen leaves.
    例句:I gazed at him admiringly.
    例句:As I looked out, I gazed at the fallen leaves.

overload

/ˈəʊvələʊd/

n. 过载

  • 相关词汇:load(负荷,压力)
    例句:People today suffer from information overload.
    词性拓展:overload(v. 使过载)
    • 例句:Try not to overload yourself with work.

augmentative

/ˌɑːɡ.jəˈmen.t̬ə.t̬ɪv/

adj. 放大的,增强的

  • 相关词汇:augment(v. 增大)
    • 搭配短语:to augment his income
    相关词汇:augmentation(n. 增强)

Down syndrome
n. 唐氏综合征

vitiligo

/ˌvɪt̬.ɪˈlaɪ.ɡoʊ/

n. 白癜风

prosthetic

/prɑːsˈθet̬.ɪk/

adj. 人工的,假体的

ramp

/ræmp/

n. 斜坡,斜面;辅路,匝道

  • 例句:I pushed the wheelchair up the ramp and into the supermarket.

inclusion

/ɪnˈkluː.ʒən/

n. 包容

  • 相关词汇:include(v. 包括)
    例句:The school has a strong culture of inclusion.

拓展阅读

1959 年问世,史上最贵芭比破 30 万美元:关于芭比的数字
芭比娃娃(Barbie)全名芭芭拉·米丽森特·罗伯茨(Barbara Millicent Roberts),她不仅仅是一个洋娃娃,而是一位文化领头羊。几十年来,芭比娃娃这个名字一直是亮粉色和迷人生活方式的代名词。这种美学现在被称为“Barbiecore” ,从生日蛋糕到时装秀,随处可见。
芭比娃娃于 1959 年推出,很快就变得无处不在,并持续了数十年。在 2000 年代初期人气下降后,在近年来卷土重来,在由主演玛格·罗比和雷恩·高斯林主演的真人版电影《芭比》中达到了顶峰。
芭比娃娃制造商
芭比娃娃是美泰联合创始人兼总裁露丝·汉德勒(Ruth Handler)的发明,她意识到许多女孩对当时主导市场的娃娃感到厌倦。
汉德勒在她的回忆录《梦想娃娃:露丝·汉德勒的故事》(Dream Doll: The Ruth Handler Story)中说道:「芭比始终代表着一个事实:女人有选择的权利。即使在早年,芭比娃娃也不必满足于仅仅成为肯的女朋友或狂热的购物者,她可以从事护士、空姐等职业。」
汉德勒的营销头脑帮助公司仅在第一年就销售了超过 350,000 个芭比娃娃。
美泰现任董事长兼执行长 Ynon Kreiz 在重振芭比娃娃的文化影响力方面发挥了关键作用。他于 2018 年接任,当时该公司取得了财务上的成功,其营业收入在 2021 年增长了 95%。他一直站在将芭比娃娃重新打造为流行文化现象的前沿,包括由威尔·法瑞尔 (Will Ferrell) 饰演芭比娃娃的新电影。
从数字看芭比帝国
芭比不仅仅适合儿童,它是人们愿意花大价钱购买的利润丰厚的收藏品。
历史上最昂贵的芭比娃娃 Stefani Canturi,2010 年在佳士得拍卖行以 302,500 美元的价格售出用于慈善事业。这是珠宝设计师 Stefano Canturi 的作品,她戴着一条由真钻石制成的项链。
在艺术界,安迪·沃霍尔 (Andy Warhol) 的一幅芭比娃娃画作在拍卖会上以 1,161,780 美元的价格售出。2021 年,美泰芭比娃娃相关收入达到 16.8 亿美元。2023 年,电影《芭比》的制作使用了大量荧光粉色涂料,导致一家公司的全球供应量被耗尽。
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