讲解人 · Lala
原文
That reputation was humbled last month.
On 18 January, the back three carriages of a train run by private Italian operator Iryo derailed at high speed, along a straight stretch of track, into the path of an oncoming train run by national rail operator Renfe which bore the brunt of the crash.
Two days later, a trainee driver was killed when a wall collapsed on to a suburban rail line near Barcelona in the north-east after heavy rainfall, derailing a train.
The government, the civil guard and an independent commission all continue to investigate the Andalusia crash, although sabotage and human error appear to have been ruled out.
Meanwhile politicians, commentators, and ordinary Spaniards have been debating the possible cause as well as highlighting weaknesses in Spain’s overall rail system.
“We’re not looking at a problem of lack of maintenance, we’re not looking at a problem of obsolete [infrastructure], and we’re not looking at a problem of lack of investment, “ said the transport minister Óscar Puente.
Figures released by his ministry show a sharp increase in maintenance spending on the rail system since Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez took office in 2018.
However, other data tells a different story: Spain was bottom of an index published by German railway association Allianz pro Schiene of spending per capita on rail infrastructure by 14 European countries in 2024.
带着问题听讲解
- 如何理解单词 humble？
- 根据文章，西班牙铁路为什么陷入危机？
- 文章中的数据反映了西班牙铁路面临的什么问题？
讲解
重点词汇
superpower
/ˈsuː.pɚˌpaʊ.ɚ/
n. 超级大国；具有压倒性影响力的国家或力量
- 例句：The United States and the Soviet Union were the two superpowers.
second only to
仅次于；位居第二
- 例句：His intelligence is second only to Einstein.
admire
/ədˈmaɪr/
v. 钦佩；赞赏
- 例句：I admire your courage.搭配短语：be admired for something
humble
/ˈhʌm.bəl/
v. 使受挫；使丢脸；挫伤（信心）
- 词性拓展：humble（adj. 谦虚的）
- 例句：He is a very humble person.
- 例句：In my humble opinion...
例句：He was humbled.例句：The champion team was humbled last night.
carriage
/ˈker.ɪdʒ/
n.（火车）车厢
- 搭配短语：first-class carriage搭配短语：second-class carriage搭配短语：dining carriage搭配短语：buffet carriage
derail
/dɪˈreɪl/
v.（使）脱轨；（事件）偏离正轨
- 例句：The project was derailed by lack of funding.
stretch
/stretʃ/
n. 一段；一截（路、轨道等）
- 搭配短语：a stretch of highway
oncoming
/ˈɑːnˌkʌm.ɪŋ/
adj. 迎面而来的
- 搭配短语：oncoming traffic
bear
/ber/
v. 承受；承担
brunt
/brʌnt/
n.（冲击或不利影响的）主要部分
- 例句：Small businesses often bear the brunt of economic recession.
trainee
/ˌtreɪˈniː/
n. 实习生；受训人员
- 相关词汇：employer；employee相关词汇：interviewer；interviewee
suburban
/səˈbɝː.bən/
adj. 郊区的；城郊的
- 搭配短语：suburban life搭配短语：a suburban commuter
sabotage
/ˈsæb.ə.tɑːʒ/
n. 破坏；蓄意捣毁
- 搭配短语：deliberate sabotage搭配短语：economic sabotage搭配短语：self-sabotage
rule out
排除；否定……的可能性
- 例句：We need to do tests to rule out cancer.例句：Police ruled him out as a suspect.
commentator
/ˈkɑː.mən.teɪ.t̬ɚ/
n. 评论员；时事评论人士
- 搭配短语：sports commentator搭配短语：political commentator
Spaniard
/ˈspæn.jɚd/
n. 西班牙人
- 文化补充：英语中表示国家的人，有些有专门的单数名词。England 英国 -> Englishman / Englishwoman。Finland 芬兰 -> Finn。Poland 波兰 -> Pole。Spain 西班牙 -> Spaniard。
maintenance
/ˈmeɪn.tə.nəns/
n. 维护；保养
- 搭配短语：routine maintenance搭配短语：preventive maintenance搭配短语：lack of maintenance
obsolete
/ˌɑːb.səˈliːt/
adj. 过时的；淘汰的
- 例句：Typewriters are mostly obsolete nowadays.例句：Floppy disks became obsolete.
figure
/ˈfɪɡ.jɚ/
n. 数字；统计数；身材；人物
- 例句：She has a good figure.例句：He is a historical figure.搭配短语：official figures搭配短语：sales figures
take office
就职；上任
- 例句：The President takes office in January.反义词：leave office
index
/ˈɪn.deks/
n. 指数；指标
- 搭配短语：CPI (Consumer Price Index)搭配短语：BMI (Body Mass Index)搭配短语：Stock market index
per capita
按人均计算；人均
- 搭配短语：GDP per capita搭配短语：income per capita搭配短语：consumption per capita
拓展阅读
